Logical volume management :
In Computer Storage, logical volume management or LVM provides a method of allocating space on mass-storage devices that is more flexible than conventional partitioning schemes. In particular, a volume manager can concatenate, Stripe together or otherwise combine partitions into larger virtual ones that administrators can re-size or move, potentially without interrupting system use.
LVM is suitable for:
- Managing large hard disk farms by letting you add disks, replace disks, copy and share contents from one disk to another without disrupting service (hot swapping).
- On small systems (like a desktop at home), instead of having to estimate at installation time how big a partition might need to be in the future, LVM allows you to resize your disk partitions easily as needed.
- Making backups by taking "snapshots."
- Creating single logical volume of multiple physical volumes or entire hard disks (somewhat similar to RAID 0 but more similar to JBOD), allowing for dynamic volume resizing.
Figure : LVM Logical Volume Components
LVM configuration for LINUX :
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80060424192 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9733 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 2764 22201798+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hda2 2765 9733 55978492+ 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 2765 6602 30828703+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hda6 6603 8514 15358108+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda7 8515 8603 714861 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hda8 8604 8628 200781 83 Linux
/dev/hda9 8629 8690 497983+ fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/hda10 8691 8752 497983+ fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/hda11 8753 8814 497983+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/md0: 1019 MB, 1019609088 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 248928 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/hda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 9733.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (8815-9733, default 8815):
Using default value 8815
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (8815-9733, default 9733): +300M
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (8852-9733, default 8852):
Using default value 8852
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (8852-9733, default 9733): +300M
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/hda
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/hda
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/hda
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/hda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 9733.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-13): 12
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 12 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-13): 13
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 13 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks. [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/hda12 /dev/hda13
Physical volume "/dev/hda12" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/hda13" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
"/dev/hda12" is a new physical volume of "290.21 MB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/hda12
VG Name
PV Size 290.21 MB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID kAHCbI-9spz-nXzd-1AH5-5AL9-lhay-6rcRyu
"/dev/hda13" is a new physical volume of "290.21 MB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/hda13
VG Name
PV Size 290.21 MB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID AQkIvw-mjH0-kpEo-yC18-0sBH-w9f3-lmVjvu
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/hda12 lvm2 -- 290.21M 290.21M
/dev/hda13 lvm2 -- 290.21M 290.21M
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay /dev/hda12
"/dev/hda12" is a new physical volume of "290.21 MB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/hda12
VG Name
PV Size 290.21 MB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID kAHCbI-9spz-nXzd-1AH5-5AL9-lhay-6rcRyu
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay /dev/hda13
"/dev/hda13" is a new physical volume of "290.21 MB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/hda13
VG Name
PV Size 290.21 MB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID AQkIvw-mjH0-kpEo-yC18-0sBH-w9f3-lmVjvu [root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vgnew /dev/hda12 /dev/hda13(Here vgnew is the volume group name)
Volume group "vgnew" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgs(For show active volume group information)
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vgnew 2 0 0 wz--n- 576.00M 576.00M
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay(For show active volume group information)
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vgnew
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 576.00 MB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 144
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 144 / 576.00 MB
VG UUID 8iLHW9-SYUk-s5wC-g6KW-91Ru-c8nR-PWouxX
[root@localhost ~]#lvcreate -L 200M -n newlvm vgnew(Here vgnew is the volume group name & newlvm is logical volume name )
[root@localhost ~]#lvdisplay(For show active logical volume information)
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vgnew/newlvm
VG Name vgnew
LV UUID DH72TL-KYuk-j0lF-qufz-kN6I-YaG4-hrlDOQ
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 200.00 MB
Current LE 50
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
[root@localhost ~]# lvs(For show active logical volume information)
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
newlvm vgnew -wi-a- 200.00M [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vgnew/newlvm
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
51200 inodes, 204800 blocks
10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /lvm_partition
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vgnew/newlvm /lvm_partition/
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab/dev/vgnew/newlvm /lvm_partition ext3 defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a [root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda6 15G 7.1G 6.5G 53% /
tmpfs 124M 0 124M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda8 190M 1.6M 179M 1% /saifulpartion
/dev/md0 958M 18M 892M 2% /raid5
/dev/mapper/vgnew-newlvm
194M 5.6M 179M 4% /lvm_partition [root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay(For show active volume group information)
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vgnew
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 576.00 MB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 144
Alloc PE / Size 50 / 200.00 MB
Free PE / Size 94 / 376.00 MB
VG UUID 8iLHW9-SYUk-s5wC-g6KW-91Ru-c8nR-PWouxX
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +200M /dev/vgnew/newlvm(Here we add another 200MB from logical volume group vgnew is the volume group name & newlvm is logical volume name )
Extending logical volume newlvm to 400.00 MB
Logical volume newlvm successfully resized
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/vgnew/newlvm(After the lvextend we need to use this command,The resize2fs program will resize ext2 or ext3 file systems)
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/vgnew/newlvm is mounted on /lvm_partition; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vgnew/newlvm to 409600 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vgnew/newlvm is now 409600 blocks long.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda6 15G 7.1G 6.5G 53% /
tmpfs 124M 0 124M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda8 190M 1.6M 179M 1% /saifulpartion
/dev/md0 958M 18M 892M 2% /raid5
/dev/mapper/vgnew-newlvm
388M 6.3M 362M 2% /lvm_partition
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +176M /dev/vgnew/newlvm(Here we add another 176MB from logical volume group)
Extending logical volume newlvm to 576.00 MB
Logical volume newlvm successfully resized
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/vgnew/newlvm
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/vgnew/newlvm is mounted on /lvm_partition; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vgnew/newlvm to 589824 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vgnew/newlvm is now 589824 blocks long.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda6 15G 7.1G 6.5G 53% /
tmpfs 124M 0 124M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda8 190M 1.6M 179M 1% /saifulpartion
/dev/md0 958M 18M 892M 2% /raid5
/dev/mapper/vgnew-newlvm
558M 6.3M 523M 2% /lvm_partition
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vgnew
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 576.00 MB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 144
Alloc PE / Size 144 / 576.00 MB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID 8iLHW9-SYUk-s5wC-g6KW-91Ru-c8nR-PWouxX If we wants to add another additional disk to this LVM then do the following :
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/hda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 9733.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (8889-9733, default 8889): +200
Value out of range.
First cylinder (8889-9733, default 8889):
[1]+ Stopped fdisk /dev/hda
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/hda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 9733.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (8889-9733, default 8889):
Using default value 8889
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (8889-9733, default 9733): +200M
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/hda
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/hda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 9733.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-14): 14
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 14 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks. [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/hda14
Physical volume "/dev/hda14" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend vgnew /dev/hda14
Volume group "vgnew" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vgnew
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 768.00 MB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 192
Alloc PE / Size 144 / 576.00 MB
Free PE / Size 48 / 192.00 MB
VG UUID 8iLHW9-SYUk-s5wC-g6KW-91Ru-c8nR-PWouxX
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vgnew 3 1 0 wz--n- 768.00M 192.00M
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +192M /dev/vgnew/newlvm
Extending logical volume newlvm to 768.00 MB
Logical volume newlvm successfully resized
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/vgnew/newlvm
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/vgnew/newlvm is mounted on /lvm_partition; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vgnew/newlvm to 786432 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vgnew/newlvm is now 786432 blocks long.
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vgnew
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 6
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 768.00 MB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 192
Alloc PE / Size 192 / 768.00 MB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID 8iLHW9-SYUk-s5wC-g6KW-91Ru-c8nR-PWouxX
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vgnew 3 1 0 wz--n- 768.00M 0
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda6 15G 7.1G 6.5G 53% /
tmpfs 124M 0 124M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda8 190M 1.6M 179M 1% /saifulpartion
/dev/md0 958M 18M 892M 2% /raid5
/dev/mapper/vgnew-newlvm
744M 6.6M 699M 1% /lvm_partition Creat Logical Volume Manager at practical life :Mount Point = /boot
File System Type=ext3
Size(MB) = 400MB
Check force
to be primary partition and Click OK Mount Point = /swap Size(MB) = 5012MB
Check force
to be primary partition and Click OK
Click – New –Add Partition Window Opens
Click – New –Add Partition Window Opens then select Physical Volume(LVM)
File System Type=physical volume (LVM)
Size(MB) = 28000
Check force to be primary partition
Click OK
Click LVM – Make LVM Volume Group Window opens
Specify Volume Group Name =newvg
Click ok
Now our volume group is shown as bellow ( here volume group name is newvg )
Click Edit for creat logical volume from newly created volume group
Specify Volume Group Name =newvg
Click on Add – Make Logical Volume Window Opens
Mount Point = /
File System Type=ext3
Logical Volume Name=LV_root
Size (MB) =10000Click on Add – Make Logical Volume Window Opens
Mount Point = /
File System Type=ext3
Logical Volume Name=LV_root
Click OK
Specify Volume Group Name =newvg
Click on Add – Make Logical Volume Window Opens
Mount Point = /home
File System Type=ext3
Logical Volume Name=LV_home
Click on Add – Make Logical Volume Window Opens
Mount Point = /home
File System Type=ext3
Logical Volume Name=LV_home
Size (MB) =5000
Click OK
Specify Volume Group Name =newvg
Click on Add – Make Logical Volume Window Opens
Mount Point = /var
File System Type=ext3
Logical Volume Name=LV_var
Click on Add – Make Logical Volume Window Opens
Mount Point = /var
File System Type=ext3
Logical Volume Name=LV_var
Size (MB) =10000
Click OK
click ok
Now our logical volume shown as bellow
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 newvg lvm2 a- 27.31G 2.94G
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
newvg 1 3 0 wz--n- 27.31G 2.94G
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
LV_home newvg -wi-ao 4.88G
LV_root newvg -wi-ao 9.75G
LV_var newvg -wi-ao 9.75G
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name newvg
PV Size 27.34 GB / not usable 28.09 MB
Allocatable yes
PE Size (KByte) 32768
Total PE 874
Free PE 94
Allocated PE 780
PV UUID tyDykM-KGef-wHyE-KRbv-Yyvi-JZyJ-R4bikf
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name newvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 27.31 GB
PE Size 32.00 MB
Total PE 874
Alloc PE / Size 780 / 24.38 GB
Free PE / Size 94 / 2.94 GB
VG UUID vUUHwc-uR3L-SYqJ-YHy0-XvXW-DQjW-8F7u2f
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/newvg/LV_root
VG Name newvg
LV UUID hPeCS4-p4KO-Xz0Z-Iyin-RHge-3LPD-gpyaOM
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 9.75 GB
Current LE 312
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/newvg/LV_var
VG Name newvg
LV UUID 9Tnn5k-mmIl-gNSz-uuJS-vD47-Do4K-PSVnE0
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 9.75 GB
Current LE 312
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/newvg/LV_home
VG Name newvg
LV UUID FUcOmP-NRhS-YjE4-8Qwq-EFlZ-Gvob-rMhvcq
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 4.88 GB
Current LE 156
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 33.5 GB, 33531363328 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4076 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 51 409626 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 52 3620 28667992+ 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 3621 3685 522112+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 4076.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (3686-4076, default 3686):
Using default value 3686
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (3686-4076, default 4076): +500M
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sda
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sda
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sda
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 33.5 GB, 33531363328 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4076 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 51 409626 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 52 3620 28667992+ 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 3621 3685 522112+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 3686 3747 498015 83 Linux
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 4076.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 4
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sda
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sda
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sda
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 33.5 GB, 33531363328 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4076 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 51 409626 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 52 3620 28667992+ 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 3621 3685 522112+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 3686 3747 498015 8e Linux LVM
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda4
Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 newvg lvm2 a- 27.31G 2.94G
/dev/sda4 lvm2 -- 486.34M 486.34M
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name newvg
PV Size 27.34 GB / not usable 28.09 MB
Allocatable yes
PE Size (KByte) 32768
Total PE 874
Free PE 94
Allocated PE 780
PV UUID tyDykM-KGef-wHyE-KRbv-Yyvi-JZyJ-R4bikf
"/dev/sda4" is a new physical volume of "486.34 MB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name
PV Size 486.34 MB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID xH6Wcg-zm49-BVK6-B0Je-Cfk2-H5z8-0LYn5Q
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend newvg /dev/sda4
/dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system
Attempt to close device '/dev/cdrom' which is not open.
Volume group "newvg" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name newvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 27.78 GB
PE Size 32.00 MB
Total PE 889
Alloc PE / Size 780 / 24.38 GB
Free PE / Size 109 / 3.41 GB
VG UUID vUUHwc-uR3L-SYqJ-YHy0-XvXW-DQjW-8F7u2f
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
newvg 2 3 0 wz--n- 27.78G 3.41G
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +1024M /dev/newvg/LV_root
Extending logical volume LV_root to 10.75 GB
Logical volume LV_root successfully resized
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/newvg/LV_root
VG Name newvg
LV UUID hPeCS4-p4KO-Xz0Z-Iyin-RHge-3LPD-gpyaOM
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 10.75 GB
Current LE 344
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/newvg/LV_var
VG Name newvg
LV UUID 9Tnn5k-mmIl-gNSz-uuJS-vD47-Do4K-PSVnE0
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 9.75 GB
Current LE 312
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/newvg/LV_home
VG Name newvg
LV UUID FUcOmP-NRhS-YjE4-8Qwq-EFlZ-Gvob-rMhvcq
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 4.88 GB
Current LE 156
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
LV_home newvg -wi-ao 4.88G
LV_root newvg -wi-ao 10.75G
LV_var newvg -wi-ao 9.75G
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
newvg 2 3 0 wz--n- 27.78G 2.41G
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name newvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 6
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 27.78 GB
PE Size 32.00 MB
Total PE 889
Alloc PE / Size 812 / 25.38 GB
Free PE / Size 77 / 2.41 GB
VG UUID vUUHwc-uR3L-SYqJ-YHy0-XvXW-DQjW-8F7u2f
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +1400M /dev/newvg/LV_home
Rounding up size to full physical extent 1.38 GB
Extending logical volume LV_home to 6.25 GB
Logical volume LV_home successfully resized
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name newvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 7
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 27.78 GB
PE Size 32.00 MB
Total PE 889
Alloc PE / Size 856 / 26.75 GB
Free PE / Size 33 / 1.03 GB
VG UUID vUUHwc-uR3L-SYqJ-YHy0-XvXW-DQjW-8F7u2f
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
newvg 2 3 0 wz--n- 27.78G 1.03G
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +1024M /dev/newvg/LV_var
Extending logical volume LV_var to 10.75 GB
Logical volume LV_var successfully resized
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
newvg 2 3 0 wz--n- 27.78G 32.00M
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name newvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 8
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 27.78 GB
PE Size 32.00 MB
Total PE 889
Alloc PE / Size 888 / 27.75 GB
Free PE / Size 1 / 32.00 MB
VG UUID vUUHwc-uR3L-SYqJ-YHy0-XvXW-DQjW-8F7u2f
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/newvg/LV_root
VG Name newvg
LV UUID hPeCS4-p4KO-Xz0Z-Iyin-RHge-3LPD-gpyaOM
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 10.75 GB
Current LE 344
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/newvg/LV_var
VG Name newvg
LV UUID 9Tnn5k-mmIl-gNSz-uuJS-vD47-Do4K-PSVnE0
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 10.75 GB
Current LE 344
Segments 3
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/newvg/LV_home
VG Name newvg
LV UUID FUcOmP-NRhS-YjE4-8Qwq-EFlZ-Gvob-rMhvcq
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 6.25 GB
Current LE 200
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/newvg/LV_root
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/newvg/LV_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/newvg/LV_root to 2818048 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/newvg/LV_root is now 2818048 blocks long.
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/newvg/LV_var
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/newvg/LV_var is mounted on /var; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/newvg/LV_var to 2818048 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/newvg/LV_var is now 2818048 blocks long.
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/newvg/LV_home
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/newvg/LV_home is mounted on /home; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/newvg/LV_home to 1638400 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/newvg/LV_home is now 1638400 blocks long.